![]() Cannabis produces more than 100 cannabinoids ( Baron, 2018) that have many effects in the human body, including modulation of mood, memory and the immune response. ruderalis, which are differentiated by key physical characteristics and production of cannabinoids ( Hillig, 2005 Rana, 2010 Atakan, 2012). There are three main subspecies of cannabis: C. Cannabis, commonly referred as marijuana, is a flowering plant belonging to the family Cannabaceae. This study provides an optimized protocol for aqueous CaSE preparation containing biologically active cannabinoids that can be used for in vitro experimentation of cannabis smoke and its potential impact on various indices of pulmonary health.Ĭannabis has been used for medical purposes for thousands of years ( Hillig, 2005 Rana, 2010 Atakan, 2012). Finally, this standardized preparation of CaSE induces an inflammatory response in human lung fibroblasts. Using a functional assay in cells for CB1 receptors, the major target of cannabinoids, we found that this CaSE contains Δ 9-THC which activates CB1 receptors. We also observed by LC-MS/MS that CaSE preparation with methanol contains CBD. First, we determined the concentration of Δ 9-THC, one of the major cannabinoids, by ELISA and found that addition of methanol to the cell culture media during generation of the aqueous smoke extract significantly increased the amount of Δ 9-THC. Therefore, we developed a standardized protocol for the generation of cannabis smoke extract (CaSE) to investigate its effect on cellular mechanisms in vitro. In order to understand the impact of cannabis smoke on pathological mechanisms associated with adverse respiratory outcomes, the development of in vitro surrogates of cannabis smoke exposure is needed. These compounds are hydrophobic and not present in aqueous solutions. Besides the combustion products present in cannabis smoke, cannabis also contains cannabinoids including Δ 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ 9-THC) and cannabidiol (CBD). ![]() Although the impact of tobacco smoke on respiratory health is well-known, the consequence of cannabis smoke on the respiratory system and, in particular, the inflammatory response is unclear. Combustion of cannabis smoke generates many of the same chemicals as tobacco smoke. Smoking cannabis in the form of a joint is the most common mode of cannabis consumption. There has been a rapid increase in the number of countries legalizing cannabis for both recreational and medicinal purposes. Cannabis (marijuana) is the most commonly used illicit product in the world and is the second most smoked plant after tobacco. ![]()
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